Cardiovascular Risk and Mild Thyroid Hormone Deficiency: Are there some Differences in the Elderly?

Subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) is a clinical condition defined as serum TSH concentration above the upper limit of the reference range in the face of normal free T4(FT4) and free T3 (FT3) levels.

Subclinical hypothyroidism, the prevalence of which increases with age, especially among women, up to almost 20%, encompasses several pathological entities, mainly represented by chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. sHT is often associated to symptoms that resembles those of overt hypothyroidism, although to a lesser extent thus, the expression ‘mild thyroid impairment’ or ‘mild thyroid hormone deficiency’ would be more appropriate for defining such a condition.  Read more>>>>>>>>>>>>

Complications associated with wrong blood group transfusion

Transfusion of blood saves one’s life. An error in blood transfusion, at the same time, takes life . Hospital negligence can lead to blood transfusion errors that result in injuries and even fatalities. 

Blood transfusion errors include: mislabeled blood; the wrong patient receiving a blood transfusion; the patient receiving the wrong blood type; and hospital staff failing to respond to the signs and symptoms of a blood transfusion error. According to studies, the risk of errors in blood transfusion was about 1 per 12000 to 19000 cases in the United States and the rate of fatal transfusion was 1 per 600000 to 800000.  Read more>>>>>>>>>>>>>>